Asia has very rich cultural heritage, which was diligently carried out through centuries of history. Today Asia is quite attractive for international investors due to the fact that it has several big economics as well as several special area jurisdictions with blooming economy and favourable tax regimes.

Below is out top list of jurisdictions for international investments in Asia.

Hong Kong
Modern Hong Kong can offer a free market economy, which heavily relies on international trade, financial sector, amount of export / import, including quite large portion of re-exports. Hong Kong imposes zero tariffs on imported items. Also there are only four groups of goods subjected to excise taxation: strong alcohol beverages, tobacco, hydrocarbon oil and methyl-based alcohol. Currently Hong Kong has no quotas on importing / exporting anything. Hong Kong government keeps on linking local currency (Hong Kong Dollar) tightly to the US dollar, thus, suporting an arrangement concluded back in year 1983.

The local government is actively developing the Special Administrative Region (SAR) to make it a desirable destination for mainland China renminbi, in order to achieve it’s internationalization in business world. Local residents are permitted to create savings accounts in RMB currency; Also, corporate and Chinese government bonds in RMB currency have been publicly issued in Hong Kong; as well as currently in private and public sector RMB agreement settlement is permitted. The Hong Kong administration is currently trying really hard to add up additional application of RMB in Hong Kong financial markets and is looking for an opportunity to greatly increase the RMB quota.

Macau
From the moment of setting up its local casino industry hotspot back in year 2001, Macau has managed to attract several tens of billions of dollars as international investment, entirely transforming the area into one of the largest global gambling hotspots. Macau’s gambling and tourism industries were heavily impacted by China’s decision to relieve travel restrictions for Chinese nationals looking for an opportunity to visit Macau. Back in year 2016, Macau’s gambling taxes estimated over 76% of overall budget income.

Macau’s economy suffered quite a lot back in year 2009. It was a result of a global economic crisis, but rapid economic growth have continued somewhere by year 2013. Back in 2015, with an urban population of 646,800 people Macau hosted roughly 31 million tourists. Approximately 68% came from mainland China. Provided services, mostly gambling — have boosted Macau’s economic performance several times. However, lately, anti-corruption campaign performed by mainland China’s government has gotten Macau’s gaming industry to slightly suffer.

Singapore
Singapore is currently having a prosperous, well-developed free-market-oriented economy. Singapore government has hardly worked on and achieved an open and nearly 100% corruption-free government and business environment as well as strong economy, and quite high competitive (even by the Western standards) per capita GDP. Employment rates are extremely high, while the Singapore budget mostly relies on exports, specifically of consumer goods and electronics, IT & software, medical technology and devices, pharmaceuticals as well as on lively business, banking and financial industries.

Singapore is a famous destination for many international investors and entrepreneurs, especially in certain industries. According to financial analytics data it will continue to develop and evolve into Pacific Asia’s major business and high-tech hotspot. Singapore is a proud member of the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade agreement. It is also a part of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement. Back in year 2015, Singapore has established, along with the rest of the ASEAN participants, the ASEAN Economic Community.

China
Starting back in the late 70s, China has been working on it’s economy and market, rapidly going from internal government controlled closed market, to more liberal, open government planned system with profoundly internal market-oriented economy, leading to an increase of China’s impact on the global market. By year 2010, China has turned into the largest global exporter. Changes and reforms have started with slowly abandoning collectively planned agriculture, developing to introduce free-market pricing, decentralizing taxation, granting more autonomy for government-owned companies, expansions of the private sector, fast development of stock markets and introduction of a modern banking system as well as China’s access to international trade and investment.

China did undergo a number of reforms lately. During last few decades, Chinese government has renewed its support for government-owned companies in industries, which are strategic for country’s security and development. Such decision was made specifically to boost certain industries and make them more competitive on a global market. Such change of economy and the following benefits have dramatically impacted to a China’s GDP making more than ten times increase since year 1978.

Taiwan
Modern Taiwan has a prosperous free-market economy with overall decreasing government control over international investment and trade industries. Strategic production industries, such as production of electronics, machinery and petrochemicals, have given the major boost and factors necessary for rapid growth of economy. However, such factors as Taiwan’s diplomatic isolation, extremely low birth rate, and quickly aging population are several major long-term challenges that Taiwan’s government needs to face and solve.

A joint-stock company is a form of company that acquires legal personality from the date of its incorporation and is commonly used to run companies. The company's share capital consists of the total contributions of its shareholders. Shares can be traded publicly, which provides an incentive for investors needed for further business development. At the time the company is incorporated, shareholders can declare it a closed company, meaning shares can be transferred to anyone, but current shareholders must have a right of first refusal. At the time of incorporation, shares may be issued in a variety of forms, including bearer shares, registered shares, or preferred shares.

Functions of a joint-stock company
The ultimate goal of all businesses is to run a business and make a profit. A joint-stock company is a useful form of company for attracting investors and additional funding, in return for which the investor receives shares that give the right to dividends. Stock corporations often develop into large corporations. They are most common in the financial services sector - credit institutions, banks, insurance companies and other payment and financial institutions are very often public companies. Of course, these companies need financial stability and sufficient funds in case of need.

Advantages and disadvantages of a joint-stock company
The advantage of this kind of company formation relates to liability thresholds. As a general principle, shareholders in a joint-stock company are liable only up to the value of their contribution to the company. So, if the company becomes insolvent, the creditors cannot seek compensation or require damages from the shareholders personally. Conversely, the company is not liable for its shareholders` debts. The strict line between the shareholders` and the company`s liabilities is based on the principle of the legal person.

Another advantage is the ability to raise the necessary funds for starting up the business. At the startup stage, it can be difficult for a company to obtain the initial capital. However, when a few business partners make an investment to achieve a single goal, the business startup plans are likely to be more realistic. Meanwhile, common investment is directly related to common profit-sharing. So if the company makes a profit, dividends should be paid proportionally to each shareholder.

The functions and competence of a company management board is governed by the applicable commercial law and the company’s articles of association. A joint-stock company usually involves a two-level supervisory board, and while this helps control decision making in the daily course of business and avoid mistakes, a complicated management structure may impair the speed of decision making at times when a quick reaction is necessary.

If you plan on setting up a business in the form of a joint-stock company, we strongly recommend that you consult us first. We can provide you with full, detailed information regarding tax planning options and the most efficient corporate structure for your business.

The monthly minimum wage in Liechtenstein is not regulated by the state. Liechtenstein has a public debt of 111.4% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP), estimated in 2012. In relation to consumer prices, the inflation rate in Liechtenstein is -0.7%. The currency of Liechtenstein is the Swiss franc. The Swiss franc is the official currency of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It was introduced in 1798 to unify several currencies then in use in Switzerland. Switzerland is a stable currency to rely on for investment opportunities. The plural form of the word Swiss francs is francs. The symbol used for this currency is Fr, abbreviated to CHF. The Swiss franc is divided into centimes; there are 100 in one franc. Consumers spend around 2,799 million US dollars every year. The ratio of consumer spending to GDP in Liechtenstein is 0.05%, and the ratio of consumer spending to world consumer market is 0.81%. The corporation tax in Liechtenstein is 12.5%. Personal income tax ranges from 1.2% to 17.82% depending on your specific situation and income level. Value added tax in Liechtenstein is 8%.

Gross domestic product
The total gross domestic product (GDP) calculated as purchasing power parity (PPP) in Liechtenstein is 3 billion US dollars. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita calculated as purchasing power parity (PPP) in Liechtenstein was most recently $83,868. PPP in Liechtenstein is considered very good in an international comparison. A very good PPP shows that citizens in this country find it easy to buy local goods. Local goods can include food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, personal hygiene, essential furnishings, transportation and communications, laundry, and various types of insurance. Countries with very good PPP are safe investment locations. The total gross domestic product (GDP) in Liechtenstein is 5.647 billion. Based on this statistic, Liechtenstein is considered to be of medium strength. Middle economy countries support an average number of industries and investment opportunities. It shouldn't be too difficult to find worthwhile investment opportunities in mid-sized economies. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Liechtenstein was last at $148,001,573. The average citizen in Liechtenstein has very high assets. Countries with very high per capita wealth have a longer life expectancy and a very high standard of living. Highly skilled labor can be found in many industries and labor is very expensive in these countries. Very wealthy countries offer safe investment opportunities as they are often backed by a diverse and thriving financial sector. The annual GDP growth rate in Liechtenstein averaged 1.8% in 2014. According to this percentage, Liechtenstein is currently experiencing modest growth. Modest growth countries offer safe investment opportunities; Their expanding economy suggests that businesses, jobs and incomes will increase accordingly.

The total population of Bhutan is 817,054 people. The people of Bhutan speak the Dzongkha language. The linguistic diversity of Bhutan is quite diverse according to a fractionation scale, which is 0.6056 for Bhutan. The average age is around 26.2 years. Life expectancy in Bhutan is 68. Female fertility rate in Bhutan is 2.2. About 5% of Bhutan's population is obese. Ethnic diversity is quite diverse according to a fractionation scale, which for Bhutan is 0.605. Details of the language, religion, age, gender distribution and advancement of the people of Bhutan can be found in the sections below, as well as the section on education in the country.

Population
In Bhutan, the population density is 20 people per square kilometer (52 per square mile). Based on these statistics, this country is considered sparsely populated. The total population of Bhutan is 817,054 people. Bhutan has approximately 50,862 foreign immigrants. Immigrants in Bhutan account for 0.1 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. Immigrants in Bhutan account for 6.7 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. The ethnic diversity of Bhutan is quite diverse according to an ethnicity-based fractionation scale. Ethnic Fractionation (EF) deals with the number, size, socioeconomic distribution, and geographic location of diverse cultural groups, usually within a state or some other demarcated area. Specific cultural characteristics can refer to language, skin color, religion, ethnicity, customs and traditions, history, or other distinctive criteria, alone or in combination. These characteristics are often used for social exclusion and power monopolization. The index of ethnic fractionation in Bhutan is 0.605. This means that there is a relatively high number of unique ethnic groups in Bhutan. EF is usually measured as 1 minus the Herfindahl concentration index of ethnolinguistic group proportions, which reflects the probability that two randomly drawn individuals from the population belong to different groups. The theoretical maximum of EF of 1 means that each person belongs to a different group. Below are statistics from Bhutan on average age and gender distribution in different age groups.

Age
The average age is around 26.2 years. The average age for men is 26.8 and the average age for women is 25.6.

Gender
The sex ratio, or number of males per female (estimated at birth), is 1.05. It can be further broken down into the following categories: sex ratio below 15 - 1.04; sex ratio from 15 to 64 - 1.13; sex ratio over 64 - 1.12; Overall sex ratio - 1.1. The overall sex ratio differs from the sex ratio estimated at birth. This is because some newborns are included in the sex ratio estimated at birth, but die within the first few weeks of life and are not included in the overall sex ratio.

Religion
The majority religion in Bhutan is Buddhism, whose adherents make up 74.7% of all religious believers in the country. Buddhism is a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: धर्म Dharma; Pali: धम्म Dhamma) encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs, and spiritual practices based largely on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha (the awakened). According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught sometime between the sixth and fourth centuries BC. in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving. Buddhists believe this is achieved through direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths. In addition to Buddhism, there are several other religions in the country. Other religions in Bhutan are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, folk religions. Bhutan's religious diversity is diverse according to a fractionation scale based on the number of religions in Bhutan. The index of religious fractionation in Bhutan is 0.3787. This score means that within the country there is one major religion and several other minor beliefs.